Understanding Pterygium: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Pterygium?

Pterygium is a common eye condition. It appears as a pink, fleshy growth on the white part of the eye. Often, it starts near the nose and can grow toward the center of the eye. While it is not cancer, it can cause discomfort. In some cases, it may affect your vision. Many people call it “surfer’s eye” because it often affects those who spend a lot of time outdoors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pterygium is more common in sunny climates. Early care can help protect your eye health.

Causes of Pterygium

There are several reasons why pterygium may develop. Most cases are linked to too much exposure to sunlight, especially ultraviolet (UV) rays. However, other factors can also play a role. For example, wind and dust can irritate the eyes and increase risk. Some people may be more likely to get pterygium due to their genes. Here are the main causes:

  • Frequent exposure to sunlight or UV rays
  • Dry, dusty, or windy environments
  • Not wearing sunglasses outdoors
  • Family history of pterygium
  • Because these factors are common, it is important to protect your eyes whenever possible.

    Symptoms of Pterygium

    Pterygium symptoms can be mild at first. Yet, as the growth gets larger, symptoms may become more noticeable. Early signs are easy to miss, so regular eye checks are helpful. Common pterygium symptoms include:

  • Redness or swelling in the white part of the eye
  • A visible, pinkish growth on the eye
  • Itching, burning, or a gritty feeling
  • Dryness or watery eyes
  • Blurred vision if the growth covers the cornea
  • Sometimes, people feel like something is stuck in their eye. If you notice these signs, it is wise to see an eye doctor soon.

    Treatment Options for Pterygium

    There are several pterygium treatment options. The right choice depends on the size of the growth and your symptoms. For mild cases, doctors may suggest simple steps. However, larger or bothersome growths may need more care. Here are common treatments:

  • Lubricating eye drops to ease dryness and discomfort
  • Anti-inflammatory drops to reduce redness and swelling
  • Surgery to remove the growth if it affects vision or causes pain
  • After surgery, doctors may use special drops to prevent the pterygium from coming back. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, surgery is safe and effective for most people. Still, regular follow-up is important.

    Prevention and Eye Care Tips

    Although pterygium cannot always be prevented, you can lower your risk. Simple habits can protect your eyes and support good eye health. Try these tips:

  • Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV rays
  • Use a wide-brimmed hat outdoors
  • Avoid dusty or windy places when possible
  • Keep your eyes moist with artificial tears
  • Do not rub your eyes
  • Because prevention is easier than treatment, these steps can make a big difference.

    When to See an Eye Specialist

    It is important to know when to seek help. If you notice a new growth, redness, or changes in your vision, see an eye specialist. Also, if you have ongoing discomfort or your symptoms get worse, do not wait. Early care can prevent problems and protect your sight. Even if your symptoms are mild, regular eye exams are a good idea.

    Conclusion

    Pterygium is a common eye condition that can affect anyone, especially those who spend time outdoors. While it is usually not dangerous, it can cause discomfort and vision changes. Because early treatment works best, pay attention to your eye health. If you have symptoms or concerns, consult an eye specialist for personalized advice on pterygium.